Present Perfect Tense

Functions|Use|Reading Comprehension|Translation|Question formation

The Present Perfect Tense is used to show actions that have just been completed.

We use the present perfect tense–

1.To denote a past action, the result of which still continues in the present.

Example-

1. I have solved all the questions.

2.To denote repeated or habitual actions.

Example-

1. I have gone to Mumbai many times. 
2. He has come here often. 

3.With adverbs of frequency like often, occasionally, several times etc. 

Example-

1. We have occasionally spent our holidays in the picnic.
2. They have come my home several times. 

4.In News Broadcasts

Example-

1. The exam has been cancelled due to Covid-19. 

Affirmative Sentence.

Subject+Has/Have+Verb(3rd form of verb) +Object+Place+Time.

Examples. 

1. The doctor has come. (डॉक्टर आ चुके हैं ) 
2. We have won the match. 
3. I have passed the test. 

Note. In Present Perfect Tense, we use Have with “Plural Nouns and I”.(Example NO.2&3) 

• With “Singular Nouns” we use Has. (Example NO.1)

Negative Sentence. 

Subject+Has/Have+Not+Verb(3rd form of verb) +Object+Place+Time.

Examples. 

1. The doctor has not come. (डॉक्टर नहीं आए हैं )
2. We have not won the match. 
3. I have not passed the test.

Interrogative Sentence

Has/Have+Subject+Not+Verb(3rd form of verb) +Object+Place+Time.

Examples. 

1. Has the doctor not come? (क्या डॉक्टर आ चुके हैं?)
2. Have we not won the match? 
3. Have I passed the test? 

Main Interrogative Sentence.

Question Word+Has/Have+Subject+Not+Verb(3rd form of verb) +Object+Place+Time.

Examples. 

1. When has the doctor come? (डॉक्टर कब आए हैं ?)
2. Who has won the match? 
3. Why have I not passed the test? 

In the present perfect tense, we often use “after” and “before” to indicate the relationship between two events or actions that occurred in the past.

“After” is used to show that the first action occurred before the second action. For example:

• I have eaten breakfast after I woke up this morning.
• She has finished her homework after watching a movie.

“Before” is used to show that the first action occurred prior to the second action. For example:

• He has gone to the gym before going to work.
• They have cleaned the house before their guests arrived.

It’s important to note that when using “after” or “before” in the present perfect tense, the second action is usually in the simple past tense.

Here are a few more examples:

• I have taken a shower after exercising at the gym.
• She has sent an email before leaving the office.
• He has had a cup of coffee before starting his workday.
• They have bought groceries before cooking dinner.

By using “after” and “before” in the present perfect tense, we can describe the sequence of events that occurred in the past and their relationship to each other.

Exercise-1: Reading Comprehension

Meena has just walked outside with her Grandmother. She wears an apron. So far, she has finished cleaning and washing. She has also gathered seeds and crumbs.

Now Meena and Grandmother are outside. Meena has just dropped some seeds on the ground to feed the birds. The birds have not come yet.

Recently, Grandmother has moved in with Meena’s family. She now enjoys living with them.

Grandmother has already sat down on the bench. She also wears an apron. She has just finished cooking.

Answer the Following Questions 

1. With whom has Meena walked out? 
2. What has she finished? 
3. What has Meena gathered? 
4. What has Meena dropped on the ground? 
5. Why has Meena dropped some seed on the ground? 
6. Who has not come yet? 
7. Who has sat down on the bench? 
8. What has grandmother just finished? 

Exercise-2 : Read carefully and frame Question and Answers

Recently, it has snowed in Priyanka’s town. In the last week, it has snowed three times. Priyanka has always loved the snow. She has played in the snow many times before.

Priyanka’s dog, Jhabra, has never played in the snow. This is Jhabra’s first snow. He has not felt the cold yet.

Priyanka has just received a new sled for Christmas. She puts on her warm clothes and snow boots. She pulls the sled up the hill. Jhabra has run outside with Priyanka. Jhabra has followed Priyanka up the hill. He feels good!

Priyanka has finally reached the top. She sits on her sled. She rides down the hill. Jhabra runs beside the sled. They have finally reached the bottom. Jhabra has followed Priyanka all the way down the hill. Jhabra has decided that he likes the snow too. 

Exercise-3: Read the following passage and frame Question and Answers

Raye and Sam have owned their sailboat for 10 years. During that time, they have sailed together many times. They have sailed to lots of places.

They have sailed on the Indian Ocean. They have also sailed on the Arab Ocean. They have even sailed around the Gulf of Bengal twice. However, they have never sailed on the Arctic Ocean or Mexico  Ocean.

Raye and Sam love to travel in their sailboat. 

Exercise-4: Read the following text and answer the given questions

I have always wanted to travel the world, and now I can finally say that I have done it. Over the past year, I have visited many incredible places, from the bustling streets of Tokyo to the peaceful beaches of Bali. I have tasted exotic foods, learned new languages, and made unforgettable memories. I have hiked to the top of mountains, swam in crystal-clear waters, and watched sunsets from some of the most beautiful locations on earth. It hasn’t always been easy, and there have been times when I have felt homesick or lost, but the experiences I have had and the people I have met along the way have made it all worth it. I know that there are still many more adventures waiting for me out there, and I can’t wait to see where my travels will take me next.

Questions

1. What has the speaker always wanted to do?
2. Where have they visited over the past year?
3. What kind of experiences has the speaker had during their travels?
4. What are some of the activities the speaker has done while traveling?
5. Have there been any challenges during the speaker’s travels?
6. What has made the speaker’s travels worth it?
7. Is the speaker done traveling or are there more adventures waiting for them?
8. Where does the speaker want to go next?

Most common Expressions used in day-to-day conversation

1. I have eaten already.
2. Have you seen this movie yet?
3. She has studied for the test all night.
4. I have never been to New York City.
5. They have been married for five years.
6. He has just finished his book.
7. Have you ever traveled abroad?
8. We have had a lot of rain lately.
9. She has always loved music.
10. They have lived in this house since 2010.
11. I have worked here for ten years.
12. Have you read this book before?
13. He has visited many countries in Europe.
14. We have seen that movie twice.
15. They have been waiting for an hour.
16. I have never tried sushi before.
17. Have you met the new neighbour yet?
18. She has taught English for twenty years.
19. They have gone on vacation to Hawaii.
20. He has lost a lot of weight recently.
21. We have finished the project ahead of schedule.
22. Have you had a chance to review the proposal?
23. She has had a lot of success in her career.
24. They have attended many concerts together.
25. I have just moved to this city.

Translate the Following Sentences into Hindi

• They have gone to school. 
• Mohan has visited Agra many times. 
• The shopkeeper has sold the watch. 
• Our teachers have called all the students to the ground. 
• The driver had driven the car very fast. 
• You have not invited your old friends. 
• Mohan has not qualified for the test. 
• I have never seen a lion. 
• He has not gone to his village. 
• My mother has not cooked food yet. 
• Have you seen my brother? 
• Has my brother gone to Lucknow many times? 
• Has she cooked food for the guests? 
• Have we solved all the questions? 
• Has the gardener plucked the flowers? 
• Why have you come so late? 
• Where has Mr Sharma gone with his children? 
• When have you reached here? 
• How many players have not come yet? 
• Which boy has killed the beautiful swan? 

Translate the Following Sentences into English

Translate From Hindi To English.

1. मैं अपना पाठ याद कर चुका हूँ।
2. उन्होंने स्नान कर लिया है।
3. वह नाश्ता पहले ही कर चुका है।
4. सूर्य निकल आया है।
5. रेलगाड़ी अभी-अभी प्लेटफार्म पर आयी है।
6. तुमने अपने छोटे भाई को नहीं पीटा है।
7. उन्होंने तुम्हें नहीं बुलाया है।
8. माँ ने अभी तक खाना नहीं खाया है।
9. माताजी ने ताजमहल अभी तक नहीं देखा है।
10. पिताजी आज दफ्तर नहीं गये हैं।
11. क्या तुम्हारे भाई ने अपना कार्य कर लिया है?
12. क्या दूधवाला अभी तक नहीं आया है? 
13. क्या तुमने कभी सफेद हाथी देखा है? 
14. क्या मिस्टर दास ने इस स्कूल में 1980 से पढ़ाया है?
15. क्या गुप्ताजी ने इस स्कूल में दस वर्ष तक पढ़ाया है?
16. चपरासी कहाँ गया है?
17. वे देहली क्यों नहीं गये हैं?
18. उन्होंने आज क्या खाया है? 
19. तुमने अब तक कितने प्रश्न कर लिए हैं? 
20. तुमने सुबह से चाय के कितने प्याले पी लिए है?

Content Writer– Mohammad Anas.….. Edited by– Shadab Akhtar.