Passage 18: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the healthcare industry. AI-powered tools are being used to diagnose diseases, predict patient outcomes, and personalize treatment plans. For example, AI algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays and MRIs, more quickly and accurately than human doctors. This technology has the potential to detect conditions like cancer at an earlier stage, improving patient survival rates.
2.Moreover, AI can assist in drug discovery and development. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI can identify potential drug candidates and predict how they might interact with the human body. This can significantly speed up the process of bringing new drugs to market, making treatments more readily available to patients.
3.However, the integration of AI in healthcare also raises concerns. There are ethical questions about data privacy, as AI systems rely on large datasets that include sensitive patient information. Additionally, there is the risk that AI could replace human healthcare providers, leading to job loss and reduced personal interaction between patients and doctors.
4.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are immense. With careful management and regulation, AI could revolutionize the medical field, leading to better outcomes for patients and more efficient healthcare systems.
Comprehension Questions
- What is one way AI is used in healthcare according to the passage?
a) Reducing the need for medical data
b) Diagnosing diseases
c) Increasing job loss
d) Limiting drug development - What is a concern about the use of AI in healthcare?
a) Improved patient outcomes
b) Early disease detection
c) Data privacy
d) Faster drug discovery - True/False:
AI can analyze medical images more quickly and accurately than human doctors.
a) True
b) False - The passage suggests that AI will not impact jobs in healthcare.
a) True
b) False - Fill in the Blank:
AI has the potential to detect conditions like ______ at an earlier stage.
(Answer: cancer)
6.Fill in the Blank:
The integration of AI in healthcare raises ethical questions about ______ privacy.
7. Select the synonym for “personalize” as used in the passage.
a) Standardize
b) Tailor
c) Generalize
d) Simplify
8.What is a synonym for “immense” in the context of the passage?
a) Limited
b) Modest
c) Vast
d) Negligible
9.The opposite of “earlier” in the passage is:
a) Later
b) Sooner
c) Former
d) Beginning
10.Select the antonym of “improving” from the options below.
a) Worsening
b) Enhancing
c) Advancing
d) Progressing
11.Multiple Answers:
Which of the following are benefits of AI in healthcare mentioned in the passage? (Select all that apply.)
a) Faster drug discovery
b) Increased job opportunities
c) Earlier disease detection
d) Ethical concerns
12.The passage implies that the potential benefits of AI in healthcare outweigh the challenges.
a) True
b) False
Passage 19: History of Modern India
1.The history of modern India is marked by the struggle for independence, social reform, and economic transformation. Beginning with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, India saw the rise of regional powers and the eventual establishment of British colonial rule.
2.The British East India Company initially came as traders but gradually gained political control over large parts of India. The 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, also known as the First War of Independence, was a significant event that highlighted the growing discontent among Indians towards British rule. Although it was suppressed, the mutiny laid the foundation for the Indian freedom struggle.
3.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose emerged, advocating for independence through both non-violent and militant means. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, became the principal organization leading the fight against British rule. The partition of Bengal in 1905 and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 were pivotal moments that fueled the nationalistic movement. After decades of struggle, India finally gained independence on August 15, 1947, but at the cost of partition, which led to the creation of Pakistan and significant communal violence.
4.Post-independence, India faced the challenge of nation-building, with leaders focusing on democratic governance, industrialization, and social reform. The adoption of the Constitution in 1950 marked the beginning of India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. The history of modern India is a testament to the resilience, diversity, and aspirations of its people.
Comprehension Questions
- What was the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 also known as?
a) The Partition of Bengal
b) The First War of Independence
c) The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
d) The Indian Constitution - Who among the following was NOT a leader during the Indian independence movement?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhas Chandra Bose
d) Queen Victoria - True/False:
The British East India Company initially came to India as traders.
a) True
b) False - The Constitution of India was adopted in 1947.
a) True
b) False - Fill in the Blank:
The Indian National Congress was founded in ______. - India gained independence on August 15, ______.
- Select the synonym for “discontent” as used in the passage.
a) Happiness
b) Dissatisfaction
c) Agreement
d) Loyalty
8.What is a synonym for “sovereign” in the context of the passage?
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Subjugated
d) Controlled
9.The opposite of “resilience” in the passage is:
a) Weakness
b) Strength
c) Recovery
d) Endurance
10.Select the antonym of “independence” from the options below.
a) Freedom
b) Autonomy
c) Dependence
d) Sovereignty
11.Multiple Answers:
Which events are mentioned as pivotal in the Indian nationalistic movement? (Select all that apply.)
a) The Sepoy Mutiny
b) The Partition of Bengal
c) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
d) The adoption of the Constitutionmassacre
12.True/False:
The partition of India in 1947 was peaceful and without violence.
a) True
b) False
Passage 20: Disability in Psychology
1.Disability in psychology refers to a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities. Psychological disabilities can include conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and learning disabilities like dyslexia. These conditions can affect how individuals think, feel, and behave, often requiring specialized support or interventions to manage their daily lives.
2.The field of psychology has evolved in its approach to disability, shifting from a medical model that views disability as a defect to be fixed, to a social model that emphasizes the role of societal barriers in disabling individuals. According to the social model, disability is not just a result of impairments but also of the environment that fails to accommodate those impairments. For example, a person with a physical disability may face challenges not because of their condition, but because of inaccessible buildings or lack of supportive infrastructure.
3.Psychologists play a crucial role in assessing, diagnosing, and treating individuals with disabilities. They work to develop interventions that help people improve their quality of life, whether through therapy, skills training, or advocacy for more inclusive environments. Understanding disability from a psychological perspective is essential for promoting mental health and ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to lead fulfilling lives.
Comprehension Questions for Passage 2:
- Which of the following is an example of a psychological disability mentioned in the passage?
a) Autism Spectrum Disorder
b) Hypertension
c) Diabetes
d) Asthma - What does the social model of disability emphasize?
a) The need to fix impairments
b) The role of societal barriers
c) The superiority of the medical model
d) The irrelevance of disabilities - True/False:
The medical model views disability as a defect to be fixed.
a) True
b) False - Psychological disabilities do not affect how individuals think, feel, or behave.
a) True
b) False - Fill in the Blank:
Disabilities in psychology can include conditions such as anxiety disorders and ______.
(Answer: schizophrenia) - According to the passage, psychologists work to develop ______ that help people improve their quality of life.
- Select the synonym for “inclusive” as used in the passage.
a) Exclusive
b) Accepting
c) Limiting
d) Discriminatory
8.What is a synonym for “crucial” in the context of the passage?
a) Unimportant
b) Essential
c) Optional
d) Minor
9.The opposite of “supportive” in the passage is:
a) Helpful
b) Harmful
c) Encouraging
d) Cooperative
10.Select the antonym of “evolved” from the options below.
a) Stagnated
b) Developed
c) Progressed
d) Advanced
11.Multiple Answers:
Which of the following are considered psychological disabilities? (Select all that apply.)
a) Schizophrenia
b) Dyslexia
c) Hypertension
d) Autism Spectrum Disorder
(Answers: a) Schizophrenia; b) Dyslexia; d) Autism Spectrum Disorder)
12.The passage argues that disability is only a result of physical impairments.
a) True
b) False