Passage 3: The Evolution of Communication Technology
A.The way we communicate has changed dramatically over the last century. In the early 1900s, people relied on letters and telegrams to share information, often waiting days or even weeks for a response. The invention of the telephone in the late 19th century revolutionized communication, allowing real–time conversations across long distances. By the mid-20th century, televisions and radios became common, bringing news and entertainment into homes worldwide.
B.The digital age has transformed communication even further. The rise of the internet in the 1990s introduced email, which allowed instant written communication. Social media platforms and messaging apps like WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger have made it easier than ever to connect with people globally. Video calls, which were once the stuff of science fiction, are now a regular part of daily life. These advancements have made the world smaller, enabling people to communicate across borders with ease.
C.Despite these benefits, there are also challenges. The speed and accessibility of modern communication can lead to information overload. Additionally, the reliance on digital communication can weaken face-to-face interactions, affecting personal relationships. Nevertheless, the evolution of communication technology has undeniably transformed how we connect with each other
Comprehension Questions
1.What major invention revolutionized communication in the late 19th century?
a) The television
b) The telephone
c) The radio
d) The internet
2.What does the passage mention as a challenge of modern communication?
a) Increased travel costs
b) Lack of internet access
c) Information overload
d) Poor letter delivery services
(Answer: c) Information overload)
3.Video calls were common in the early 1900s.
a) True
b) False
4.The passage states that modern communication has made the world smaller.
a) True
b) False
5. Fill in the Blank:
The rise of the internet in the 1990s introduced ______, which allowed instant written communication.
6.Fill in the Blank:
The reliance on digital communication can weaken ______ interactions.
7.Choose the synonym for “transformed” as used in the passage.
a) Changed
b) Stagnated
c) Ruined
d) Prevented
8. What is a synonym for “benefits” in the passage?
a) Disadvantages
b) Dangers
c) Advantages
d) Costs
9.Select the antonym of “weaken” from the options below.
a) Strengthen
b) Delay
c) Ignore
d) Damage
10.The opposite of “reliance” as used in the passage is:
a) Independence
b) Confidence
c) Dependency
d) Need
Passage 4: The Effects of Global Warming on the Environment
A.Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average temperature, primarily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. This rise in temperature has far–reaching effects on the environment. One of the most significant impacts is the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, leading to rising sea levels. As a result, coastal areas around the world are at risk of flooding, displacing millions of people.
B.Another major effect of global warming is the increase in extreme weather events. Hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves have become more frequent and intense, causing widespread damage to ecosystems and human communities. Warmer temperatures also disrupt natural habitats, threatening biodiversity. Many species are struggling to adapt to these changes, leading to a decline in wildlife populations.
C.In addition, global warming contributes to ocean acidification, which harms marine life, especially coral reefs. The consequences of global warming are profound and demand urgent action. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy, and protecting forests are essential steps in mitigating these effects and preserving the planet for future generations
Comprehension Questions for Passage 4:
What is the primary cause of global warming according to the passage?
a) Natural cycles
b) Human activities
c) Solar radiation
d) Volcanic eruptions
(Answer: b) Human activities)What environmental change is linked to the melting of polar ice caps?
a) Increased rainfall
b) Rising sea levels
c) Lower temperatures
d) Expanding forests
(Answer: b) Rising sea levels)True/false :The passage states that global warming leads to more extreme weather events.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: a) True)Global warming helps increase biodiversity by creating new habitats.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b) False)Fill in the Blank:
Global warming contributes to ocean ______, which harms marine life.
(Answer: acidification)Fill in the Blank:
______ caps and glaciers are melting due to global warming.
(Answer: Polar)
7.Select the synonym for “mitigating” as used in the passage.
a) Ignoring
b) Reducing
c) Worsening
d) Intensifying
8.What word is closest in meaning to “urgent”?
a) Immediate
b) Optional
c) Casual
d) Delayed
9.The opposite of “decline” as used in the passage is:
a) Decrease
b) Fall
c) Increase
d) Drop
10. Choose the antonym of “protecting” from the passage.
a) Safeguarding
c) Preserving
d) Defending
11.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of global warming in the passage?
a) Rising sea levels
b) Increased rainfall
c) Ocean acidification
d) Extreme weather events
12.The passage suggests that transitioning to renewable energy is unnecessary for combating global warming.
a) True
b) False